N5E43 Hydraulics - Level 4 and Level 5 Higher National Diploma Construction and The Built Environment
Assignment - Designing Subsurface Structures
Learning Outcome 1: Develop practical solutions for the distribution of fluids within correctly sized pipes
Learning Outcome 2: Calculate the hydrostatic pressure exerted on substructures for a given context.
As an assistant civil engineer, working for a medium-sized practice, you have been asked to assist in the hydraulic section with a series of calculations relating to local construction project. These will involve the calculation of pipe sizes and flow parameters for a pipe network that services a reservoir and the associated pressure on the foundations of buildings that surround the proposed dam. You will learn the skills used in predicting what types of flows and pressures will occur in a practical application of fluid and pressure engineering. This skill is valuable in been able to predict within a design context the consequences of actions before they are constructed and avoid expensive mistakes or claims from third parties. To summarise been able to ‘model' an engineering outcome saves costly mistakes later in projects when it is too late to make expensive variations to designs.
Part A: Calculations for Head Losses through pipelines
a. Water is flowing through a 40mm diameter pipe with an average velocity of 0.1m/s. You are required to identify the condition of flow and calculate the head loss of the fluid under that flow condition. Assume the density and viscosity of water are 998kg/m3 and 1.002x103 Ns/m2.
b. To control the flow to be laminar flow, what is the pipe size for the fluid flow?
c. From the results above or otherwise, evaluate the flow conditions would occur under different pipe sizes.
d. Determine and give comment the pipe sizes and the characteristic of fluid for the efficiency of the fluid flow in a pipe.
Part B: Calculations for Pressure on vertical wall
As being an engineer for a project, there is a structural element with a foundation wall and a subsurface floor at the bottom and the given groundwater level as shown in the figure below. To study the stability of the structural element, preliminary calculation will be required as follows:
a) Calculate the pressure exerting on the vertical wall.
b) Calculate the pressure exerting on the horizontal floor surface.
c) From the result of (a) & (b), calculate the force acting on the structural elements and comment on the ability of the structural element to resist the force exerted by the groundwater. Explain with proposals how the structural elements to be improved to resist the external hydrostatic pressure.
Attachment:- Hydraulics.rar